南昌大学谢明勇院士团队:宏转录组学揭示酸笋自然发酵期间关键风味物质的形成机理

作者:    来源:    时间:2024-06-27
   
南昌大学谢明勇院士团队:宏转录组学揭示酸笋自然发酵期间关键风味物质的形成机理

南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室Xinyue Qin(第一作者)、谢明勇院士、关倩倩博士(通讯作者)等在国际食品期刊《Food Bioscience》发表了题为“Metatranscriptomics unravel the formation mechanism of key flavors during the natural fermentation of suansun, a Chinese traditional fermented bamboo shoot”的研究论文。

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研究背景

酸笋作为一种传统自然发酵的竹笋产品,由于其独特风味和显著的爽脆质地,在西南地区被广泛消费,深受消费者喜爱。微生物代谢主要与酸笋的风味和品质有关。在以前研究中,研究人员使用宏基因组学分析来探究酸笋发酵期间微生物菌群结构和功能。然而,基于基因表达水平预测,研究人员推测了微生物菌群的潜在功能,在菌群成员中实际发挥转录功能的活性微生物以及其发挥的作用还未被鉴定。因此,在该研究中,研究人员运用宏转录组学分析来进一步分析酸笋发酵期间微生物结构及其代谢功能;另外,HS-SPME-GC-MS、UPLC-Q-TOF/MS和HPLC被用于代谢组学分析来监视酸笋发酵期间挥发和非挥发性风味代谢成分的动态变化;然后,基于基因转录和通路注解,鉴定了参与特征酸笋风味物质形成的活性微生物,阐明了与特征酸笋风味物质产生相关的代谢网络。
结论与展望
该研究首次使用宏转录组学来系统研究发酵酸笋中关键风味化合物的形成通路。在酸笋发酵期间形成的有机酸是乳酸和醋酸。在酸笋中,存在13个关键特征挥发物,包括4个醇、2个酯、2个酚类、2个醚类、1个醛和1个呋喃。68个不同非挥发性化合物(主要是小肽)与酸笋的独特风味有关。LactococcusEnterococcusLeuconostocLactiplantibacillusWeissella是参与有机酸、挥发性和非挥发性化合物生物合成的主要菌属。在这些菌属中,LactococcusLeuconostocLactiplantibacillus具有生物合成酶例如乳酸脱氢酶、转氨酶和乙醛脱氢酶最高的表达水平,从而有效提升关键风味化合物的产生。
这些研究发现为调节酸笋的风味提供理论基础,从而为传统酸笋生产过程的现代化和未来发展提供技术支持。


图文赏析

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Fig. 1. Microbial community composition present in suansun at different fermentation stages based on metatranscriptomics analyses. (A) Relative abundance of microbiota at the genus level; (B) Relative abundance of microbiota at the species level. Only the top 20 species in relative abundance are shown.


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Fig. 2. Changes in 5 major organic acids in during suansun fermentation. Data are shown as means ± standard deviation (n = 3).

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Fig. 3. Analysis of the volatile compounds during suansun fermentation. PCA score plots (A) and PLS-DA score plots (B) of all volatile compounds; (C) Variable importance in projection (VIP) value of key volatile compounds based on PLS-DA. Green for variable importance in projection (VIP) ≥1, and red for variable importance in projection (VIP) < 1. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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Fig. 4. PCA score plots from all samples and the quality control samples for ESI+ (A) and ESI- (B) mass-spectrometric data; PLS-DA score plots from all samples for ESI+ (C) and ESI- (D) data.


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Fig. 5. Metabolic pathways of key flavor compounds during suansun fermentation based on KEGG database.

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Fig. 6. Enzyme reads of microorganisms involved in suansun fermentation (only showing the 15 microbial genera with the highest relative contributions to functional genes). The horizontal axis indicated the selected microbial genus, and the vertical axis indicated the corresponding enzyme number (EC number). The diameter of the bubble represented the absolute abundance of the gene encoding the enzyme, and the colors of the bubbles represent different functional classes. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

原文链接

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.103436

来源:食品放大镜